專業英語寫作的主要準則為：
句子清楚、用字簡潔精準、字句連貫(cohesion)及語意連貫(coherence)。
為了符合這些寫作準則，修辭文法成為寫作重要的一環。為了使文章易於理解、引人入勝以及增加可讀性，必須時時刻刻演練這些準則。
編譯通在這裡將特別討論一般學生常見的寫作錯誤及常發生的問題。
馬上跟著小編一起檢查
這些用法，你都用對了嗎？
✍不一致(agreement)的問題
句子寫作發生不一致的問題，是許多華人學生常見的錯誤之一。
不一致的問題包含：
✅ 平行句構中，各項目詞性的不一致
✅ 主詞與動詞不一致
✅ 修飾語與被修飾語的不一致
以下將分項說明
- 平行句構中，各項目詞性的不一致
(X) Mobile phones are used for watching films, learning, and entertainment.
(O) Mobile phones are used for watching films, learning, and playing games.
這句話列舉了手機的功能，功能皆以動詞表示，只有最後一個entertainment以名詞表示，其詞性用法與前兩者並不一致，故應改成第二句的用法。
許多學生在寫作時，為求句型變化性，多半喜歡使用平行句構(parallel structure)，然而這種句型需要特別注意每個項目的用法一致性。
小試身手
Roger has studied archery, forestry, and how to treat wild animals.
應該改成________________________________________________________.
Ans: Roger has studied archery, forestry, and the treatment of wild animals.
- 主詞與動詞不一致
(X) It is Jenny, rather than her sisters, that have a crush on the boy living next to them.
(O) It is Jenny, rather than her sisters, that has a crush on the boy living next to them.
本句的主詞應該是Jenny而不是her sisters，故後面接的動詞應是單數動詞。寫作時，應把焦點放在骨幹句子上，刪去細節，就可以看出動詞應連接哪一個名詞了哦！
小試身手
It is my brothers, rather than my sister, that ____ (have) been to Japan.
Ans: have
- 修飾語與被修飾語的不一致
(X) Containing acidic chemicals, the quality of the water at Waterfront Park is not fit for swimming in.
(O) Containing acidic chemicals, the water at Waterfront Park is not fit for swimming in.
本句containing acidic chemicals的主詞應為the water at Waterfront Park而不是the quality of the water。
分詞構句是高中常見的文法，分詞構句的使用可以增添文章句子的變化性與豐富性，有別於以往的S+V句構，分詞構句使用Ving, S+V的句型，然而在使用時，主詞的一致性一定要多加注意。
小試身手
Feeling exhausted, it was difficult for Peter to go mountain climbing on Monday with his friends.
應改成__________________________________________________________.
Ans: Feeling exhausted, Peter had difficulty going mountain climbing on Monday with his friends.
✍寫作流於口語化
寫作與口語的語言表達方式不同。口語表達時，一般多會使用較淺顯易懂的方式溝通，用詞稍微拙劣、隨意。寫作時，語言表達則較為正式、精簡，同時也要注重遣詞用句等。
(說) When he spoke against his teacher, he impressed the other students.
(寫) His argument with the teacher impressed the other students.
小試身手
(說) When he discussed LGBTQ issues with his parents, he pissed his parents off.
(寫) _________________________________________________________________.
Ans: His discussion about LGBTQ issues ruffled his parents’ feathers.
註：ruffle sb’s feathers 使（某人）生氣
